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Botanical Name :
Phyllanthus Niruri
Sanskrit Name:
Bhumi Amla
English Name :
Niruri
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Part used: Whole
Plant
Description of
Phyllanthus Niruri:
It is a small, erect, annual herb that grows 30–40 cm in height.
It is indigenous to the rainforests of the Amazon and other
tropical areas throughout the world, including the Bahamas,
southern India, and China. P. niruri is quite prevalent
in the Amazon and other wet rainforests, growing and spreading
freely (much like a weed). P. amarus and P.
sellowianus are closely related to P. niruri in appearance,
phytochemical structure, and history of use, but typically are
found in the drier tropical climates of India, Brazil, and even
Florida and Texas.
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Uses :
Phyllanthus blocks DNA polymerase, the enzyme needed for the
hepatitis B virus to reproduce. It also prevent from
jaundice,diabetes, dyspepsia, ulcers, sores, swellings,
ophthalmia and chronic dysentery. Whole plant is useful for the
treatment of some forms of gonorrhea, menorrhagia, dropsy,
menorrhagia and other genito- urinary affections of a similar
type. A poultice of the leaves mixed with salt cures itch and
other skin affections. It is bitter, astringent, cold,
anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and useful in liver
disorders, cough, asthma, jaundice, spleen disorders.
Phyllanthus may help decrease the amount of hepatitis B virus
found in the blood stream.
Principal Constituents:
Phyllanthin (bitter constituent) and hypophyllanthin (non-bitter
compound) are isolated from the leaves. From the aerial parts
phyllanthine (4-methoxy-securinine) and 4- methoxy-norsecurinine
are identified1. From the roots glycoflavones were
isolated. Lintetralin was also isolated from the
plant3. Amariin, a novel hydrolysable tannin together
with geraniin, corilagin, 1,6-digalloyl-glucopyranoside as well
as a rutin and quercetin- 3-O-lucopyranoside have been isolated
from the polar fraction. An unusual hydrolysable tannin,
phyllanthusiin D has also been isolated from the biologically
active polar fraction.
Pharmacology:
The alcoholic extract of the whole plant has anti-cancer
activity against Freund virus Leukaemia (solid) in the mouse and
antispasmodic activity on isolated guinea pig ileum. Aqueous
extract of whole plant has hypoglycaemic action in normal and
alloxan-diabetic rabbits and leaves to be higher than that of
tolbutamide.
Clinical Studies
It is effective in treatment of infective hepatitis without any
adverse effect. It shown to be effective with other Siddha drugs
in the treatment of jaundice due to infective hepatitis.
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